People of Russia

Ivanovich Shubin Fedot (17 (28) .05.1740 – 05.12.1805) – sculptor, son of a peasant, was born in Kuroostrovskoy parish. Against Kholmogory. In winter 1759 came, like his fellow countryman, Lomonosov in St. Petersburg. a wagon train of cod. At the request of University, noticed an unusual ability of youths to the sculpture on samples of his carving of bone, he enrolled in a stoker in the household and in 1761 by imperial order is defined in the Academy of Fine Arts, where he soon became the best of the students of Professor Gilles. During the passage of an academic course has been awarded two silver medals, maloyu in 1763 and more in 1765, and in 1766 graduated from this course with a gold medal and the following year sent for further improvements in its Paris, as a pensioner of the Academy . In Paris, Shubin attracted the attention of the French Academy, which sought before the Empress Catherine II through Falconet extension of his pensionerstva to enable him to visit Rome. In 1772, NA Demidov took with him a trip to Italy and commissioned him to his marble bust. Returning from there to St. Petersburg. He played by the will of Catherine II, her bust from life, which is considered the most similar of all (nahod. in Imperial. Hermitage) and after constantly, for 20 years, worked in marble for the highest court and for the book. GA Potemkin, in the person of whom he found himself a hot patron. In 1774, the Academy elected him to the Academy, but the intrigues of his comrades Shubin, specialty, and Gordian Shchedrin, a long time, all the while managing the Academy I. Betsky, prevented Shubin get a higher artistic rank, although he gained a reputation as a master, not unparalleled among Russian sculptors, and only in 1794, erected it in the Academy professors.

Obleuhov Aleksandr Prokhorov (1824 – 01/23/1879) – Maj.-Gen. Place out of hereditary nobles Kherson. His father, N. Obleuhov, was an artillery colonel. Upon reaching the age of 10 AN was given in Pavlovsky Cadet Corps, who graduated in 1842. Produced in a non-commissioned officers on August 8 that year, he was appointed to the Life Guards Pavlovsky Regiment, with whom, incidentally, participated in the Hungarian campaign. Further office Obleuhova spent in Siberia, first as commander of the Siberian line № 13 Battalion, then as a member of the military department of the former Irkutsk Field commissariat. In the latter capacity, he spent nearly three years, during which he was awarded the Order of St. Anna's 3rd degree (for participation in the accession of the Amur region of Russia) and the rank of colonel. Wasted health soon forced him to temporarily resign (30 th August 1858) and only 9 th November 1864 he again entered the service. Numbered with the Directorate General of Eastern Siberia, he was soon appointed first Achinsk mayor, and the 23rd of August next year Yenisei mayor. After the administrative reform in Eastern Siberia, he was the 1 st January 1868 was appointed the Yenisei district police chief and 27 April of that year – to fulfill the post of commander of the 2 nd Brigade walking Transbaykal Cossack troops. After a year and a half of AN was assigned to the headquarters of the local troops of the St. Petersburg Military District, with enrollment of a candidate for the provincial military commander. Held in the headquarters of the local troops of St. Petersburg Military District, Obleuhov performed several duties of the provincial military commander (in Olonets), head of the St. Petersburg Semenov, Alexander's military hospital, etc., and from 1872 to 1874 has repeatedly been nominated in the temporary military district courts established in the cities. Petrozavodsk, Arkhangelsk and Belozyorsk. Then, the 8 th May 1874 Obleuhov was the chairman of the Audit Commission for Schliesselburg military penal company. Earn a full pension AN tendered his resignation and the 2 nd December 1876 was promoted to Major Generals from retirement, with a uniform and a pension, then stayed in St. Petersburg, where he lived until his death.

Gerzdorf Carl Maksimovich (1761 – 09/22/1813) – Major General, was born in 1761 (on formulary, in 1813 it was 52 years old), came from the Danish nobility PM Reyburga. He began serving in the Danish army, where accepted 5 July 1788 from the captains of the same rank in the Russian service in the Astrakhan Grenadier Regiment. In the same year, of the Turkish War and opposed the assault on December 6 Ochakov produced in seconds-majors. With the dissolution of the Astrakhan regiment moved with the battalion May 19, 1790 in Dniprovskyi Grenadier Regiment. In the same year G. went to the rowing fleet on the Black Sea from Ochakov to the Danube, was landing in the capture of Suntanskoy battery and being sent with the advance guard in front of the column came under cannon shots to the battery and turned the enemy to flight, for what is produced in Prime majors (January 29, 1791), with the conquest of Tulcea G. pursued the enemy, but during the siege and storming of Izmail with division took the battery, drove with her enemy, and destroyed the gun, what March 31, 1792 awarded the Order of St.. George 4 tablespoons .. 24 June 1792 was transferred to the Sevsk Musketeer Regiment.

Pavel Petrovich Troubetzkoy (02/15/1866 – 02/12/1938), Russian sculptor-impressionist. He worked in private studios (1884) and in our own workshop (1885 – 1897) in Milan. In 1897 – 1906 lived in St. Petersburg and in Moscow (he taught at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture), from 1906 – in France, USA and Italy. In his works (mainly genre and portrait statues and portrait busts) Trubetskoy aspired to a life directly.

Lyubomirsky Constantine Ksaverevich (11.07.1786 – 04.1870) – Prince, Major-General, from the nobility of Mogilev province, born November 7, 1786, he entered the service in 1806, cornet in the Grodno Hussars, and in the same year moved to the L .- Guards. Hussars, with the appointment of aide to Lieutenant General Uvarov, and as such took part in the campaigns against France and was under Gushtadtom, Akendorfom, Genlsbergom and Friedland (1807), for which he was granted the Order of St. George 4-th century., Golden sword for bravery and the Order of "pour le merite".

In 1808 he was promoted to lieutenant and the same year was in Finland during the occupation Tavastgusa.

In 1810, participating in a campaign in Moldavia, Lyubomirsky distinguished by noisy, the construction of the fort in the same, during the assault Ruschuka and in the Battle of Batin. The reward for this involvement he was promoted Lieutenant-Captain and the Order of St. Vladimir 4 th century. and St. Anne 2 nd kl.

Appointed in 1812, adjutant to the E. IV, Lyubomirsky next year, again participated in the French campaign, being in the battles at Lutzen, Bautzen, Leipzig (1813), Bar-sur-Aube, Arsis-sur-Aube, and Fershampenuaz (1814), and was promoted to the rank of colonel and awarded the Order of St. Vladimir third station.

In 1816 he was transferred to the Life Guards Transfiguration Regiment, in 1821, promoted to Major General, with the appointment was made by the army, and was awarded the Order of St. Anna 1 st century. for the highest show of his team, and in 1823 he was appointed commander of 1 Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division.

Suvorov, Aleksandr Vasilyevich (24/11/1730 – 05/18/1800). His father, General-in-chief Vasily Suvorov, a godson of Peter I. Alexander's mother, Evdokia Fedosevna Manukova, died early, when Suvorov not yet turned, and 15 years. Care and education, Alexander has received at home, studying the necessary items and foreign languages. Alexander studied very diligently and dreamed of a military career. The father, in connection with health Alexander, decided to send his son to the civil service. However, that would be only a military and persistently develop the strength and endurance, all-weather riding involved. Father was forced to change its decision and record of Alexander Semenov regiment as a private. At the age of fifteen Suvorov entered the regiment as an ordinary soldier, and like everyone else, went to the guard, stood on guard.

Cellini, Benvenuto (Cellini) (03.11.1500 – 13.02.1571) – a famous Italian goldsmith, sculptor and medalist, a son of the architect Giovanni C., born in Florence, 3 November 1500, first studied music, but showed more inclination for plastic arts and, 15 years old, was admitted, against her father's will, as an apprentice to a goldsmith Anthony di Sandro, nicknamed Marconi. Wayward and violent nature of youth would not let him get on the same place and he went from one master to another, leading the wandering life between Florence and Rome, until in 1523, did not stay long in the Eternal City, where Pope Clement VII (Medici) , referring to his artistic knowledge and part of the music, and part of jewelry craftsmanship, took him into his service. In addition to various small craft for Pope, C. engaged thread dies for medals (which were then in vogue was for men's hats), casting and embossing decoration items, vybivnymi metal work, fabrication of enamels, and soon acquired great popularity among the wealthy Roman and nobility. This activity was interrupted by the artist and the devastation of the siege of Rome's Imperial army. Charles V under the command of konetablya Bourbon. Taking part in defending the city from the enemy, Charles, in his words (which, knowing his penchant for boasting, it is impossible to attach great faith), killed konetablya shot from a gun and the Prince of Orange from the gun. At the conclusion of the Barcelona World, Ch lived and worked then in Florence, then Rome. As in the second of these cities unjustly suspected of murder, he fled to Naples, but soon Clement VII called him back to his court. Succeeded by this pope, Paul III, Ch management entrusted by the Roman mint, but the murder of a Milanese goldsmith, committed by him in anger, pushed Benvenuto a new exodus, this time to Florence, here what he did, as a medalist at the service to the Duke of Alexander and made a number of excellent coins and medals, and then went to France at the court of Francis I, but soon fell ill and yearn for his homeland, he returned to Rome Pope granted him the pardon before his trip to France. Accused of concealment of silver, gold and precious stones, tempered ordered him to work from the papal treasury, he was sentenced to life imprisonment and sent to the Castle Sant'Angelo, but two years later, thanks to the intercession of Cardinal Hippolyte d'Este, released Freedom. Probably, on behalf of the dignitary was sculpted model of the famous salt-cellar, later executed in gold for the French. Kor. Francis I and now comprise a major jewelry imp. treasury in Vienna.

Jean-Antoine Houdon (1741 – 1828) – The famous French sculptor, spending his childhood in an artistic atmosphere of the school des eleves proteges, where his father was a porter, and 10 – 12 years, he began to practice leplenii. Soon he was to take students Aqd. painting and sculpture, and the age of 15 has already received an award the silver medal. In 1761, a sketch of the bas-relief: "Queen of Sheba", won big, Rome Prize, with the right of the seven-year stay in Italy at government expense. In Italy, played a model to study human musculature, attract the public attention and serve him etude for a statue of John the Baptist, and carved statues "La Vestale" and "Saint Bruno", the last piece, distinguished by natural simplicity and serenity of plastic, was a harbinger of the new direction in sculpture. Upon his return to Paris, Houdon, based on his works performed, was elected in 1769 in soprichislennye to acad. Painting and Sculpture, and in 1777, for a marble figure of morphine, was elevated to the rank of Academician. The first significant work of Houdon returned to France was a portrait bust of Diderot, attracted to the artist orders from the Duke of Saxe-Gotha and the Empress Catherine. For the first Houdon made several sculpted portraits of his family, for the Empress – her bust (1773), in addition, the Russian envoy at the French court, Bk. Golitsyn, commissioned the artist two tombstones for the princes of MD and AD Golitsyn (located at the Epiphany Monastery in Moscow).

Markov, Alexander Ivanovich (1781 – 1844) – Major General, a dashing cavalry artillery, a war hero with the French in 1806 – 1807 and 1812 – 1814 years.; Education received during the 2 nd Cadet Corps, from which in 1800 was released in Service second lieutenant in the 2 nd artillery regiment. In 1805 he was at Austerlitz, and in 1806 – 1807. fought at Golymin, Pultusk Yankov, Gofe, Landsberg, Eylau (injured), under Gutshtadtom, Heilsberg and Friedland. On the determination shown by MM is already in this early period of his service, indicates the following fact reported by Ermolov in his "Memoirs." In the fighting. D. Gough at January 25. In 1807 our troops were positioned so badly that the French are at the first attack on our cavalry tory knocked her to the infantry and artillery. One battery was captured by them instantly. "The beginning-to the other battery – tells Ermolov – now. M., scattering shrapnel suppress it Olviopolsk. Hussars. N., stopped the enemy, his pursuer, and drew from the crash. Produced in 1811 by a captain, in MV formed late in 1812. № 23 company of the 1 st Reserve Artillery Brigade (later the third battery is mounted), and went with her to the Corps gr. Wittgenstein, took part in the affairs of this case with the French: in the capture of Polotsk (ord. St. Vladimir 4 degrees with a bow.), At p. Berezin (ord. St. Anna grade 2.) And at Libau (zol. saber). In Campo. Col. 1813. M. involved with his company in the siege of Danzig, Spandau and Magdeburg, in the battles at Halle (chin. Regiment.) Lutzen (prus. the Order of Merit with laurels), Bautzen (ord. St. George 4 degrees), Dresden ( Ord. St. Anna grade 2. diamonds) and in Leipzig, where his company, along with LA-Cossack escort the Emperor Alexander I at the critical moment of battle on October 4 stopped the attack by the French cavalry at our center and will eliminate the danger of the Emperor Alexander and King of Prussia, stationed on the victim, paragraph (a second diamond. "symbols of the Order of St. Anne 2 degrees and locust. Order of the Red Eagle 2 degrees). In the campaign of 1814 M. was involved with his company in the battles of Brienne-le-Chateau, Vassey, Nogent, and the assault on the fortress Falsburg. February 5, 1947-th. French army, having led his Napoleon himself attacked with Mohrmann 4 th. Russian troops gr. Palena, in a fierce battle took place on company lost 9 M. op., 2 officers, 101 lower. Chin. and 125 horses. Appearing to the Chief Barclay de Tolly to report on the death of his company, MG was greeted with the words: "I know how you lost a gun. I might have brought down all the enemy whatever turns him only … Do not be discouraged, go across the Rhine into a reserve and there Generate a new company. " Moscow, however, begged chief allow him to remain in the AB-rde. "What are you going to do without guns, without people, without the horses?" – Astonishment Barclay. "Guns soon we shall find from the French, – said M., – the same people and horses you will you please, what are caught." Field Marshal allowed, and within 10 days after the massacre at Morman, ie, February 15, MM is involved with a company revived it in the battle of Bar-sur-Aube, and contrast it receives the rank of major general. Under Fershampenuaz (13 MRI.) With a company of M. repetition of what was at Leipzig. The French led the attack on Fershampenuaz, where there were at this time of Emperor Alexander I and King of Prussia, and both of them were in danger again. Seeing a passing company of M., the Emperor ordered her to open fire. M., after loading their guns with shot over the nuclei and grenades and waited until the enemy has not approached the nearest grapeshot fired, opened fire and forced the French to retreat. In this case MS was awarded the Austrian Order of Leopold and Baden Cross, and officers of the Company were granted tabs on their uniforms. For Fershampenuaz followed the capture of Paris, for the contrast at which the MA was awarded the Order of St. Anne 1 degree. At the end of the war with Napoleon M. was appointed chief of artillery, an infantry corps (1817), and then commanded the 1 st artillery division. In 1826, he was removed from command of her, put on trial "over abuse of power over subordinates, and other illegal acts" and the Supreme Confirmation October 25, 1828 dismissed from the service. (P. Potocki. A century late. Artillery; AP Ermolov. Notes. Acad. N. Ermolov. Part I. M., 1865; M. Bogdanovich. The history of the war in 1814 in France. SPb ., 1865; Military.

Vilboa Nikitich Alexander (1707 – 29.01.1781) – Eighth-general feldtseyhmeyster, the youngest son of Rear Admiral Nikita Petrovich Vilboa former komandipa Kronstadt port, was born in 1707 and in August 1739 enlisted in the Guards scoring company of Sgt. Produced in 1741 in a backwater., VA in the trail. PM participated in the war with Sweden, and June 29, 1744 was granted to the chamberlain at the court of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, with the rank of colonel. In 1755 he was already a major-general, and January 5, 1758 was produced in-now. VA also participated in the Seven Years' War, and for valor in with Egersdorfe which was badly injured, granted the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. January 15, 1762 his name was called Velikolutsky Infantry. Clause 9 February of that year he was appointed general feldtseyhmeysterom, 6 March of that year, and a member of the Military Collegium. Understanding the archive documents of time management artillery V. surprising that the abundance of resolutions, which he supplied all who came to him reporting on all the four given to him as General feldtseyhmeysteru, departments: art-ments, engineering, weapons-grade and cadet. Particularly rich in its resolution on the part of households. questions, sometimes they invested whole instructions and regulations, most highly useful and fully resolve all difficulties. Activity VI promised to be extremely fruitful, but weakened by injury health prevented that. In 1765, with the gracious rescript, Empress Catherine II agreed to the dismissal of the service B.. Being out in the cold, VA moved to his estate in Livonia, where he died 29 January 1781 in command of the artillery, VA was a participant in the campaign Catherine "Raniboum" June 28, 1762 (A Century wars.