People of Russia

Goujon, Jean (1510 – 1572) – French sculptor. Original Art, was educated in France, then traveled to Italy, where he studied ancient sculpture. On his return to France, subject to the influence then dominant taste. His first known work – a statue, known as: "Diana" – an allegorical portrait of Diane de Poitiers,, Duchess Valantenua. The statue that graced the portal of the castle Ana. Diana is depicted naked and lying with a bow in hand, leaning on the neck of a deer and her kuafyura consists of braids, which are interwoven with precious stones; beside her – a dog. This group was so pleased with King Henry II, that he had instructed G. other sculptures in the castle Ana. G. adorned with sculptures also: Ekuansky Castle (Esoaen) Hotel Carnavalet in Paris, where he lived Madame Sevigne, Paris City Hall, which attracted attention of sliced wood panel: "Twelve months" and then, Gates St. Antoine– four magnificent reliefs: "Seine", "Marne", "Oise" and "Venus emerging from the waves" (there are now in the Louvre).

Korolev, Boris Danilovich (12/28/1884 (09/01/1885) – 18/06/1963), American sculptor. Studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture (1910-13) at SM Volnukhin.

Member of the Revolution of 1905-07. Member of the Society of Moscow Artists (from 1922), the Society of Russian sculptors, artists of Revolutionary Russia. Participated in the implementation of the plan of monumental propaganda, seeking to convey the revolutionary idea of language of abstract forms that appealed to the techniques of Cubism.

In later works, using as an impulsive, free sculpting and generality of large masses, Korolev sought realistic shaped the characteristics of clarity, precision construction volume. Works: monuments – "Fighters Revolution" in Saratov (granite, 1925), NE Bauman in Moscow (bronze, granite, 1931), VI Lenin Tashkent (bronze, granite, labradorite, 1936); portraits – VI Lenin (marble, 1926, the Central Lenin Museum, Moscow), A . I. Zhelyabova (wood, 1927-28, Museum of Revolution of the USSR, Moscow). Lit.: Bubnov L., B. D. Korolev (Moscow, 1968).

Ernst Barlach (02/01/1870 – 10/24/1938), German sculptor, graphic artist and writer. He studied at the Art and Industrial School in Hamburg (1888-1891), in the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts (from 1891) and Paris (1895-1896). In 1906, he visited Russia. From 1910 he worked in Gyustrove. In the work of Barlach plastic language of German Gothic reconceived in a spirit of expressionism. In sculpture, Barlach strong internal movement that penetrated the squat generalized form of the human body, is in sharp contrast to the reticence of a static arrangement, purely plastic means of creating great emotional stress. He worked mainly in wood.

Bernstam Leopold Adolfovich (1869) – sculptor-portraitist, born in 1869 in Riga, in a Jewish family, he studied first of Professor Jensen's sculpture, DI, and then attended the drawing school of Society for the Encouragement of artists in St. Petersburg. And from 1879-81 classes of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, in 1864 BP has worked in Florence and Rome. Since 1885 he has lived in Paris and heads the art department at the museum Grevena. The fame created his BA sculptural portraits of literature, science and the arts: in Russia – Pushkin (Foyer Alexandrinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg.) Von Vizzini, Dostoevsky, Goncharov, M. Saltykov, MH Katkov, A. Rubinstein (in St. Petersburg. Conservatory) and others, in France – O. Flaubert E. Renan, Zola, F. Koppe, A. Thomas, L. Halevy and others

Konenkov Sergei T. (28.06 (10.07) .1874 – 9.10.1971), American sculptor, valid tsp. AH the USSR (1954), People's Artist of the USSR (1958), Hero of Socialist Labor (1964). Born into a peasant family. He studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1892-96) in S. Ivanov and SM Volnukhin and the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (1899-1902; valid tsp. Since 1916). Exhibitor World of Art and a member of the Union of Russian Artists.

In the early period of the works of genre and narrative nature ("Kamneboets", bronze, 1898, Tretyakov gal.) And several later works, marked poiskami monumental synthesis of images ("Samson", plaster, 1902, was not preserved), Konenkov sought to convey his thoughts about the hard life of the native people and its impulse to fight for freedom.

Konenkov involved in the revolutionary events of 1905 in Moscow, made some generalized symbolic in character portraits of the Revolution of 1905 ("Work-fighter in 1905 Ivan Churkin", marble, 1906, the Museum of Revolution, the USSR, Moscow; "Atheist", Sandstone, 1906, Mordovia cards. gal. im. FV Sychkova, Saransk). Since the mid 1900's. Personalizing Konenkova characterized predominantly folk-fabulous images (Stribog, 1910, Tretyakov gal.; "Eruslan Lazarevic, 1913, Serpukhov History and Art, both – tree), processing based on Russian folk wooden sculptures, theme classically perfect, harmonious rights, largely inspired by the art of antiquity and the Renaissance, but closely related to the search for national aesthetic and ethical ideals of ("Nike", 1906, "Young", 1916, – both of marble, Tretyakov gal.). In this period Konenkov created a series of portraits, including composition, dedicated to the great musicians of the past ("Bach", marble, 1910, coll. NF Mikula, Moscow; "Paganini", several. Options).

In the first years of Soviet power Konenkov participated in the plan of monumental propaganda, (plaque "fell in the struggle for peace and brotherhood among peoples, colored cement, 1918, participated in the opening of Lenin and the group" Stepan Razin and his gang " Wood, 1918-19; now both in the Russian Museum, Leningrad).

Manz Giacomo (24/12/1908), Italian sculptor. Experienced it influence M. Rosso; studied sculpture of the Italian Renaissance. In 30-ies. belonged to a group in Milan artists – antifascists. Faculty of Arts in Milan (since 1941), the International Summer Academy of Fine Arts in Salzburg (since 1955). Most fully expressed their artistic aspirations in bronze sculpture, referring to the round sculpture and low "picturesque relief" ("rilievo schiacciato"). Characteristic features of style Manz – a keen sense of the living body and the object beginning, thin and rich shades of the modeling surface, which retains the slightest touch to the material master, lyrical images. In an early series of reliefs "Variations on the same topic," created during the 2-nd World War, 1939 – 1945 and depicting scenes of the crucifixion and removal from the cross, captures an outcry against the atrocities of Nazism ("Crucifixion with the general", 1942, property of the author) . In a series of plastically expressive statues of "cardinals" Manz seeks to define the place of the Catholic Church in the modern world ("Great Cardinal", 1955, Int. Gal. Sovrem.

Scopas – the so-called Greek sculptor novoatticheskoy school, a native of Paros, worked in the first half of IV century. BC Chr. With one of his first, in time, work was resumed in 395 BC, destroyed by fire tegeyskogo temple Athens-Alaei, for which they were executed two pediment groups, depicting "The Hunt for the Caledonian boar" and "The Battle of Achilles with the Phone." In addition to these groups, S. carved a very large number of statues of various deities, of whom more than others have been influenced by: Apollo Kifared brought from Greece by Emperor Augustus in Rome and raised on the Palatine hill (later copy is in the Vatican Museum), carved for Elis "Aphrodite Pandemos", as a woman sitting on a goat; "Hercules Sicyon", "Ares" (later known as the copy of the Ares Ludovisi Villa), "frenzied Bacchante," "Meleager" and "Eros and his companions Gimerosom and Potosí" . None of these works of S. not have reached us in the original, but on the merits of the artist as a sculptor, can be judged from the fragments of the frieze referred to. Mausoleum – tombstone erected over the ashes of Halicarnassus Karinski king Mausolos his wife Artemisia. Execution of sculptural decoration of the mausoleum was entrusted with five sculptor: Pifesu, Skopas, Moharesu, Bryaxis and Timothy. Because, according to Pliny, S. decoration was entrusted to the east side the monument, it was attributed to him has been on this side of the frieze, depicting the battle of Amazons (fragments from 1857 are stored at the British Museum in London). "Battle of the Amazons, S. different boldness of composition and performance, individual episodes submitted to them the scene is simple and vitally, poses of figures, clothed in light and flowing robes as a result of strong ground motion, are consistent with the nature of action, most figures are very serious and bear the stamp of a few sensitive . In general, sensuality and pathetic were, apparently, hallmarks of creativity S., which, together with Praxiteles must be considered the ancestor of the new trend in Greek sculpture. So. For example, known from a copy of the villa Ludovisi statue of Ares, is a deity, not as a stern warrior, endowed with invincible power, but a nice young man, weary and pensive, dreaming of the pleasures of love.

Rastrelli (Rastrelli) – Two Italian painter who worked in Russia. 1) Carlo Bartolomeo R., foundry, metal and sculptor. The time of his birth, as well as death is unknown. I bought a French noble title and in 1716 was called by Peter the Great in St. Petersburg for the casting of cannon and the artwork on the decoration of the new Russian capital.

Opekushin Alexander (1840) – sculptor, was educated under the guidance of Professor D. Jensen, and then studied at the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, which in 1864 awarded him the title of the artist's sculptural neklassnogo sketches "Belisarius" and "Cupid and Psyche" . From this rank he was promoted in 1869, the great artists 2 tbsp. In 1870 – in the great artists of a century., With the bust of Countess Shuvalov and seven colossal figures, modeled for St. Petersburg. Monument imp. Catherine II and, finally, in 1874 – in academics, a bust of Crown Prince Nikolai Alexandrovich and the statue of Peter the Great. From the works O., mentioned above, the most well-known: a monument to Admiral Greig, in Nikolayev, modeled on the draft Mikeshin, A. Pushkin in Moscow, and Mikhail Lermontov, in Pyatigorsk. In the first period of his activities 0. made a lot of ornamental stucco work for St. Petersburg's buildings and was one of the main staff Mikeshin in his works written by the implementation of this project by the artist above the monument to Catherine II.

Laveretsky Nicholas Akimovich (1837) – sculptor, born in Moscow in 1837, a boy moved to St Petersburg. and initially studied in the local drawing school for the coming (which is now drawing school Imp. Society for the Encouragement of Arts), and then entered the Academy of Fine Arts students.

Under the guidance of excellent professors Aqd. H. S. Pimenov, talent LA has developed with the swiftness: already in 1859 he received a small gold medal for the relief: "Cincinnati receive ambassadors from Rome, announcing to him on his election to the dictators, and, finally, a gold medal for the relief: Return Regula of Carthage. " By purchasing, along with the last of these awards, the right to travel to foreign lands as a pensioner of the Academy, LA took advantage of this law in 1863, and continuing on through Germany and Austria, to 1870 he lived and worked in Italy.

For that was sent out in 1868, the group: boy and girl, feeding a bird, "he was elevated to the rank of the academician, and when, on his return to St. Petersburg. In 1870, were presented the Academy other works executed by him in Italy : statue of "a Neapolitan boy to a monkey", "First Rose" and "Bather", the "Children looking in a mirror" (located in the Imperial. Hermitage) and "Children begging," busts "Sappho," Etude old "," Spring "," Chucharka "," Capuchin ", etc. – Academy recognized him for their professor. Since that time, continuing to work hard, he never missed an academic exhibition without having to not be on it with their works.