People of Russia

Ivanovich Shubin Fedot (17 (28) .05.1740 – 05.12.1805) – sculptor, son of a peasant, was born in Kuroostrovskoy parish. Against Kholmogory. In winter 1759 came, like his fellow countryman, Lomonosov in St. Petersburg. a wagon train of cod. At the request of University, noticed an unusual ability of youths to the sculpture on samples of his carving of bone, he enrolled in a stoker in the household and in 1761 by imperial order is defined in the Academy of Fine Arts, where he soon became the best of the students of Professor Gilles. During the passage of an academic course has been awarded two silver medals, maloyu in 1763 and more in 1765, and in 1766 graduated from this course with a gold medal and the following year sent for further improvements in its Paris, as a pensioner of the Academy . In Paris, Shubin attracted the attention of the French Academy, which sought before the Empress Catherine II through Falconet extension of his pensionerstva to enable him to visit Rome. In 1772, NA Demidov took with him a trip to Italy and commissioned him to his marble bust. Returning from there to St. Petersburg. He played by the will of Catherine II, her bust from life, which is considered the most similar of all (nahod. in Imperial. Hermitage) and after constantly, for 20 years, worked in marble for the highest court and for the book. GA Potemkin, in the person of whom he found himself a hot patron. In 1774, the Academy elected him to the Academy, but the intrigues of his comrades Shubin, specialty, and Gordian Shchedrin, a long time, all the while managing the Academy I. Betsky, prevented Shubin get a higher artistic rank, although he gained a reputation as a master, not unparalleled among Russian sculptors, and only in 1794, erected it in the Academy professors.

Iktin – (Ictinus) – the famous Greek architect of the time of Pericles, who built, in collaboration with Callicrates, the main sanctuary of Athens, the Parthenon, the construction of which lasted 16 years, was completed in 438 BC Chr.; With Karpionom he wrote the essay about this temple.

They also built a temple of Demeter in Elevzise, where these famous mysteries, and the temple of Apollo Epikourios in the rock, near Figalii, in Arcadia (around 430 BC Chr.).

Pavel Petrovich Troubetzkoy (02/15/1866 – 02/12/1938), Russian sculptor-impressionist. He worked in private studios (1884) and in our own workshop (1885 – 1897) in Milan. In 1897 – 1906 lived in St. Petersburg and in Moscow (he taught at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture), from 1906 – in France, USA and Italy. In his works (mainly genre and portrait statues and portrait busts) Trubetskoy aspired to a life directly.

Gamburtsev Sergey (1838 – 02/03/1901). Son of A. Gamburtsev MDAU graduated in 1859 with the rank of assistant architect. Until 1863 the palace was at the Moscow office. From 1865-67 served as a technician SB Kovensk the provincial government. In 1865 received the title of architect of the court office. In 1873-87 he worked (from 1878 served), the district architect in Moscow. Work in Moscow: apartment buildings: on Sadovaya-Sukharev st., 7 (1884), and Bakunin st., 53-55 (1881, not preserved), gates in the wall of u. Transfiguration of the Saviour on the (1890, have not survived), a rental house on B. Sergius lane., 20 (1900), the body fariki brothers Nasal M. Semyonov Str., 5-7, a number of other small residential and factory buildings. He was an active member of MAO, was researching monuments architect. He was buried in the monastery Alexeyev. East.: Central Historical Archive in Moscow, f.. 179, op. 54, d. 8, ll. 29, 48, 58, op. 50, d. 30, op. 50, d. 1975; op. 50, d. 1976; GIM OPI, f.. 327, op. 1, d. 5. Lit.: Builder. – SPb., 1901, pp. 300; Dyakonov MV, biographical dictionary of architects of Moscow XVIII – XIX centuries (extracted from the archives). / / Russian city.: Sat. – M., 1976-1982, 2, pp. 257.

William Kowalski Alfredovich. Civil Engineer. In 1901-03 he served sverhsht. technician SB IHL teaching in Moscow. Engineering School Office of Communications.

Polycleitus – one of the greatest Greek sculptor, native of Sicyon, the head of Peloponnesian sculpture school, student, or, more likely, a follower of argostsa Ageladas, a former teacher of Pheidias and Myron; lived in the V century BC Chr. Settling permanently in Argos, he continued to work in a spirit Ageladas, with it, in contrast to Phidias, created the ideal of divine majesty, sought to establish the type of external, human beauty. He depicted mainly figures of young athletes, of which the most famous for "Doriphor (spearman) and" Diadumen "(boy, put a bandage on his head). The first of these ancient statues called the canon, ie, logical and there is even a legend that it was carved GP to confirm the rules set forth in nedoshedshem to us his treatise on the proportions of the human body, named as the canon. Ancient writers (Lucian and Gaul) indicate that P. beauty body was caused by the harmony of its individual members, it is – a certain proportionality between the fingers themselves, all the fingers together to the pastern, the latter to the wrist, etc. copy of the first statues of the aforesaid ar heologi see Doriphor Naples Museum, as well as fragments of the torso of the Berlin museum and a bronze head of Naples.

Wessel Ivan Karlovich (1831 – 01/10/1893). In 1855 he graduated MDAU with the title architect assistant, was at school. In 1860 was appointed assistant chief in 1862 – chief of artificial table MGSiDK. In 1861, approved the rank of architect. department of court. In 1865, acting mL. architect. SB IHL. From 1865 to 1870 was art. pom. architect. Board of Trustees, in 1871-76 – an architect minor offices foundling home, in 1882-92 – the architect of Moscow Fire Insurance Society.

Kokorinova Alexander Filippovich (29.06 (10.07) .1726 – 10 (21) .03.1772), Russian architect. From 1740 he studied at Tobolsk, and then in Moscow in architectural school DV Ukhtomskogo.

From 1754 he lived in St. Petersburg. From 1761 Director since 1765 Professor, since 1769 the Rector of the Academy of Arts. Early works Kokorinova associated with Baroque architecture (chateau Razumovsky in Petrovsko-Razumovsky in Moscow, 1752-1753, rebuilt), later characterized the early classicism (Razumovsky Palace, 1762-66, and the Academy Arts, 1764-88, together with JB M. Vallin de la Mothe – in Leningrad).

Lit.: Yearbook of the Institute of History of Art. 1956, Moscow, 1957, pp. 281 – 323.

Cellini, Benvenuto (Cellini) (03.11.1500 – 13.02.1571) – a famous Italian goldsmith, sculptor and medalist, a son of the architect Giovanni C., born in Florence, 3 November 1500, first studied music, but showed more inclination for plastic arts and, 15 years old, was admitted, against her father's will, as an apprentice to a goldsmith Anthony di Sandro, nicknamed Marconi. Wayward and violent nature of youth would not let him get on the same place and he went from one master to another, leading the wandering life between Florence and Rome, until in 1523, did not stay long in the Eternal City, where Pope Clement VII (Medici) , referring to his artistic knowledge and part of the music, and part of jewelry craftsmanship, took him into his service. In addition to various small craft for Pope, C. engaged thread dies for medals (which were then in vogue was for men's hats), casting and embossing decoration items, vybivnymi metal work, fabrication of enamels, and soon acquired great popularity among the wealthy Roman and nobility. This activity was interrupted by the artist and the devastation of the siege of Rome's Imperial army. Charles V under the command of konetablya Bourbon. Taking part in defending the city from the enemy, Charles, in his words (which, knowing his penchant for boasting, it is impossible to attach great faith), killed konetablya shot from a gun and the Prince of Orange from the gun. At the conclusion of the Barcelona World, Ch lived and worked then in Florence, then Rome. As in the second of these cities unjustly suspected of murder, he fled to Naples, but soon Clement VII called him back to his court. Succeeded by this pope, Paul III, Ch management entrusted by the Roman mint, but the murder of a Milanese goldsmith, committed by him in anger, pushed Benvenuto a new exodus, this time to Florence, here what he did, as a medalist at the service to the Duke of Alexander and made a number of excellent coins and medals, and then went to France at the court of Francis I, but soon fell ill and yearn for his homeland, he returned to Rome Pope granted him the pardon before his trip to France. Accused of concealment of silver, gold and precious stones, tempered ordered him to work from the papal treasury, he was sentenced to life imprisonment and sent to the Castle Sant'Angelo, but two years later, thanks to the intercession of Cardinal Hippolyte d'Este, released Freedom. Probably, on behalf of the dignitary was sculpted model of the famous salt-cellar, later executed in gold for the French. Kor. Francis I and now comprise a major jewelry imp. treasury in Vienna.

Kosmodemyanskaya Zoya (Tanya) (13/09/1923 – 11/29/1941), the Soviet partisan, the heroine of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45.

Born in a family servant. Member of the Komsomol in 1938. Studied at the 201-th secondary school in Moscow. In October 1941, being a student of grade 10, a volunteer went to the partisan detachment.

In the village Obukhovo near Naro-Fominsk, with a group of Young Communists – the guerrillas crossed the front line in the occupied territory of the German occupiers.

In late November 1941 in the village Petrischeva in a combat mission was seized by the Nazis. Despite the horrific torture and abuse executioners did not betray his comrades, had not opened his real name, who called Tanya.

November 29, 1941 was executed.

February 16, 1942 Kosmodemyans'koi posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.