Biography Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich
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Tukhachevskiy Michael N. (04 (16) .02.1893 – 11.06.1937), Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1935). A member of the Communist Party since 1918.
Born in Alexander I Dorogobuzh district of Smolensk province (now near the village. Slednevo Safonovo district of Smolensk region). In a noble family. Graduated from the Alexander Military School (1914). Participated in the 1 st World War 1914 – 1918, consisting of Lifeguard Semenov regiment, Lieutenant.
In 1915 he was captured, in 1917, fled to Russia. Since 1918 the Red Army. A military commissar of defense of the Moscow Region (1918), commanded an Army on the Eastern Front (June 1918 – January 1919), 8 th Army, the Southern Front (January – March, 1919), 5 th Army, Eastern Front (April – November 1919) which in conjunction with other armies conducted a series of successful operations to liberate the Urals and Siberia against the troops of Kolchak.
He commanded troops Caucasian Front (February – April 1920) with the defeat of Denikin, the Western Front (from April 1920 to August 1921) in the Polish-Soviet War of 1920 and 7 th Army in the elimination of the Kronstadt revolt (March 1921), the forces of the Tambov region ( Apr – May 1921) in suppressing antonovschiny.
After the Civil War 1918 – 1920 took an active part in carrying out military reforms 1924 – 1925. He was chief of the Military Academy of Red Army (1921), commander of the Western Military District, from 1924 assistant chief, and from November 1925 to May 1928 Chief of Staff of the Red Army.
From May 1928 to June 1931 was commander of the Leningrad military district. Since 1931 Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, the chief weapons the Red Army, from 1934 Deputy Commissar of Defense, in 1936 the 1 st Vice-Commissar of Defense and the head of training.
He played a major role in retooling the Red Army, changing the organizational structure of troops, in the development of new types of troops and the armed forces – aviation, mechanized and airborne troops, the navy, in the preparation of commanders and political composition.
He was the initiator of a number of independent military academies – mechanization and motorization, etc.
Author of many books, articles and reports, including a system of policies, views on modern war, and had a significant influence on the development of military thought and practice of military construction. Contributed to the development strategy, operational art, tactics and military science in general, stressed the need to prepare the army for a long protracted war.
Activity Tukhachevsky, especially as chief of armaments and deputy commissar of defense, was important in the field of organizational and technical training of the Armed Forces of the USSR for a future war.
Since 1934 a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). He was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner.
Cit.: Fav. Random., v. 1 – 2, Moscow, 1964.
Lit.: Todorsky AI, Tukhachevsky, MA, 1966; Marshall Tukhachevsky. Memories of friends and associates, M., 1965, Popov, labor, talent, courage, [Moscow, 1972].