People of Russia

Jeanne d'Arc (1412 – 05/30/1431), or the Maid of Orleans, b.. in 1412 in the village. Domremy in Champagne, on the border of Lorraine (Her name – Darc; letter D was separated, with an apostrophe, and began to write d'Arc, probably after the award to her of the nobility). Her parents were hard working farmers. Influenced by the then unfortunate circumstances (the war with Britain and internal strife), the mood of the majority of the French peasantry was extremely religious.

One of the acknowledged king of France, King Henry VI, who supported the Burgundian party, the other – the Dauphin, as Charles VII, on the side of which was the party of Orleans. People wait for the salvation of France on a miracle went hand appeals to God, full of despair. Those who could read, read their crowds who can not. Farmers, of course, did not understand the meaning of the struggle the party of Burgundy and Orleans, but they clearly saw the evil feuds. All these sentiments and hope most of all reflected in the border area, which divided the scope of the predominance of the Anglo-Burgundian party from the scope of the predominance of the party Orleans. It is in this border area is the village of Domremy, the Anglo-Burgundian gang, through Lorraine, Champagne is often invaded and devastated the field it. Family Deliverance future of France is not just fleeing looting and violence. J. of Arc prayed fervently, with all the village, the king's safety and for the salvation France.

In the peasantry was still alive the memory of times of Charles VI, when the feudal lords, mutilated some peasant, taunted him, saying: or to complain to your mad king. Even so, little by little, began to come into his head that God was calling her on the deed save the king, and the peasantry of France. In his church, she prayed in front of the arch. Michael St. Margaret and St. Catherine. She said if she then figuratively, that the voice of these saints urged her to exploit, or, indeed, in the carotid visions she heard voices – it is hard to decide. Father Jean of Arc did not want to hear about her vocation, but her uncle, believed, or pretended to be believed in her. He presented it to the commandant of the castle Vaucouleurs, asking to send Jean to the royal court, but the governor flatly refused this request as long as two knights will not believe, they said, in her vocation. Probably not without the consent of the court, the knights decided to submit it to the king.

Under Orleans, where the fighting was concentrated then the Anglo-Burgundian party with the party of the dauphin, had floated rumors that soon, in the guise of a virgin, will be a savior of France and Dauphin, February 23, 1429 Jean d'Arc in Chinon, was presented to the king. Appointed a committee of theologians to try to J. through her vocation. Theologians testified her sincerity; Ladies Committee, chaired by Tiffany King, testified about her virginal purity. Many demanded that it signs and wonders, and she replied that she not send for signs, and for the liberation of Orleans. Carl J. gave a small detachment of troops and the banner on which were painted two angels holding a lily (the emblem of the king). In the suit, a white knight on a black horse, tall and slender J. manufactured at the crowd a strong impression. Under the influence of all he saw and heard, in her mind distinctly outlined the purpose of its feat – to free Orleans, besieged by the British, and to crown the Dauphin in Rheims, before she called the coronation of Charles is not king, and Dauphin. Case, J. impending, it was very difficult: the leaders of various orders of Charles was not accustomed to discipline and purpose of the war saw the robbery areas of the hostile party.

April 29, 1429 French detachment penetrated Orleans besieged city and brought food and reinforcement of the garrison, but more important was the moral influence of this event. The French are finally convinced that Joan of Arc – messenger of the above, an angel of God, and believed that France would be saved; England's considering it a demon and witch, were seized with terror. Fortifications (citadels), erected by the English around Orleans, were taken one after another, May 8, the British were supposed to lift the siege of Orleans, and after then left without a fight, most of the castles erected on the banks of the Loire. June 18, at Pathe, J. smashed a strong detachment of British, led by Lord Talbot. All the middle reaches of the Loire has been cleared of the enemy. It remained to bring the king in Rheims, and crown him.Counselors called Karl march to Reims madness, only a few knew it was the people's crusade, and that in such an enterprise strength in the enthusiasm, but not in the calculation. And indeed, in the way of all the fortresses surrendered, even Troyes, the most fortified, and he surrendered after the first attack. July 16, Karl joined in Reims: J. stood near the king during the coronation. On this day, she begged for Domremy exemption from all taxes. It is said that after the coronation, she begged to go home, according to some accounts, on the contrary, she volunteered to finish the liberation of France. The first news likely.

Enthusiasm is never prolonged, J., of course, felt around the weakening of religious-political animation. The plan of campaign demanded the calculation, but people are able to calculate the movement of troops around Karl did not. Be that as it may, from this time began failures. Together with J. King spoke to the north of Compiègne and Beauvais surrendered without resistance, but at the siege of Paris, Jean was defeated and was wounded. Charles, to comfort her, raised her family in the nobility. In the spring of 1430 following an Englishman. again began offensive operations and laid siege to Compiegne. J. hastened to the aid of the beleaguered city, but was defeated and taken prisoner. Mass of the British saw in it only a witch, their leaders have been alien to this superstition, but to weaken the impression of its victories, eagerly supported the absurd views, giving a pupil and J. posobnitsu devil. The court sentenced her to burn alive, which was done May 30, 1431, in Rouen. In 1450, Charles VII ordered to thoroughly review its process and, of course, no fault of her was found. Literature Jean d'Arc is great: its fate with particular attention focused in the general history of France, Henri Martin and Michelet. Of the major private research: O'Reilly: "Les deux proces de condamnation et de rehabilitation de Jeanne d'Arc" (Par., 1868); Wallon, "Jeanne D'Arc" (1860, 2 ed. Engravings, 1876), . In Russian literature was made by Dr. Jacobi attempt to consider the history of Jean d'Arc with a psychiatric point of view (article in the journal "Knowledge").