People of Russia

Nikolayev Andriyan (05/09/1929), was born in the village Shorshely Mariinsko Posad district of the Chuvash ASSR (now Republic of Chuvashia). In 1947 he graduated Mariinsko Posad Forestry College and was assigned to the work of a master trust "Yuzhkarelles on logging in Karelia. In Karelia, worked till 1950, when he was drafted into the Soviet Army. Initially engaged in a course of air rifle, and in August 1951 adopted the Frunze Military Aviation School. After graduating from college in 1954, he served in aviation units in the suburbs. In 1960 he was enlisted in the Soviet cosmonaut (1960 Air Force Group № 1). He passed a full course of flight training on ships such as the East. He was the understudy Titov during the flight of Vostok-2 (August 1961). 11 – 15 August 1962 made his first space flight in Vostok-3. For the first time in the world occurred Group spaceflight two manned spacecraft (Vostok 3 and Vostok-4). The flight lasted 3 days 22 hours 22 minutes. After the flight continued training in the astronaut, from 1963 to 1968 he was commander of the cosmonaut corps. In 1963 he married the world's first woman cosmonaut Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova. Without the-job in 1968, he graduated from the Air Force Engineering Academy named after NE Zhukovsky. In 1968 – 1974 years – deputy head of Cosmonaut Training Center Yuri Gagarin. Trained to fly on "Moon" program, was the commander of one of the crew. After the closure of the Soviet "Moon" program ready to fly aboard Soyuz type. He was the commander of the backup crew for the flight of the spacecraft Soyuz-8 (October 1969). 1 – 19 June 1970 made his second space flight as spacecraft commander Soyuz-9. At that time it was the longest space flight. After landing, owing to the fact that the astronauts little exercise during the flight, problems with adaptation to terrestrial conditions. The astronauts feel unwell, could not walk. This condition in the medical literature has been called "the effect of Nikolaev. The flight lasted 17 days 16 hours 58 minutes 55 seconds. During two flights into space blew 21 days 15 hours 20 minutes 55 seconds. In 1974 he was appointed first deputy head of the Cosmonaut Training Centre and served in that position until retirement. Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, 6 – 11-th convocations. People's deputy of RSFSR from 1990 to 1993, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. He was awarded two Orders of Lenin, the Order of Labor Red Banner, the Red Star and medals. He was awarded a gold medal Tsiolkovsky, a gold medal "Cosmos", de Lavaux and Gagarin (FAI). Hero of Socialist Labor of Bulgaria. Hero of Labor of Vietnam. Hero of the MPR. He was awarded the Order of Georgi Dimitrov, Cyril and Methodius (Bulgaria), Banner of I degree with diamonds (Hungary), Sukhbaatar (Mongolia), Stars of Class II (Indonesia), Necklace of the Nile (Egypt). He was awarded prizes in honor of Daniel and Florence Guggenheim. Honorary member of the International Academy of Astronautics. Winner of USSR State Prize (1981). Honorary citizen of Kaluga, Smolensk, Rzhev, Makhachkala, Nalchik, the Caspian Sea (Russia), Karaganda (Kazakhstan), Darkhan (Mongolia), Sofia, Petrich, Stara Zagora, Varna, Pleven (Bulgaria), Karlovy Vary (Czech Republic), Bouira (Algeria). Name Nikolayev named a crater on the Moon. Author of "See you in orbit" and "Space – the road without end."