People of Russia

Konstantin Ton (1794 – 1881) – architect; in 1803 was admitted to the Imperial students. Acad. Hood. and in 1808 a special study in her architecture, part of which his chief mentor was Voronikhin. In 1815 he graduated from the academic course with the title of the artist 1-th degree and maloyu gold. Medal awarded to him for the building project of the Senate, and retained by the academy, to be subsequently sent to foreign lands. But in 1817 there was a change of the authorities of the academy and TV, leaving the academy, determined to serve in the newly established committee to bring the building and hydraulic works in St. Petersburg. a better device. In addition, he composed when the project of entertainment ("The German inn") on the island of Krestovsky. Beginning in 1818 delighted the young artists news of the restoration was nearly abrogated make the best of them in foreign travel. To get it right, T. reached on a given academy program project fairs, for which T (together with painter P. Basin) was sent to 6 years in foreign lands. In Rome, he began to study the monuments of ancient architecture and a comparison of early Christian churches with churches in recent times. Then he made the long trip to southern Italy and Sicily, and on his return to Rome, wrote a draft of the church in the form of an ancient basilica, but adapted to Orthodox worship, and gave her the outside appearance of Greek temples. Following this project, T. put together on the problem of the Roman Academy, a project hospital. In 1822, the TA visited Florence, where he presented his works to the local academy and was accepted for them in its members. Visited later in Genoa, Ravenna, Bologna, Milan and Pavia, he went to Geneva where he drafted a country house for a former court jeweler Duval, and then went through Dijon to Paris and started painting it completely his Neapolitan and Sicilian etudes. Returning to Rome, T. focused their works on the restoration of monuments of ancient architecture. Of pertaining to this work, the draft renewal of the temple of Fortune in the Caesars Palace and Praeneste in Rome on the Palatine hill, in particular, brought T. reputation of the scientist artist. The latest project drew attention to the composer's pulse. Nicholas I, according to the commandment which the TA, in 1828, was attached to the Cabinet of His Majesty, with the contents of 3000 rubles. year. In the same year T. returned to St. Petersburg, where he received a commission to draw the former conference room Acad. Hood. a gallery to house plaster casts, set up a new conference room and generally to alter certain parts of the building. Immediately after receiving the title of academician T. and Professorship second degree part of the architecture (in 1830). In the same year, parishioners Rude. St. Catherine, for Kalinkin bridge in St. Petersburg. Because of dilapidation of his temple, conceived to build a new one. In its draft, submitted to the contest, TA gave the temple shape reminiscent of Moscow's five-domed cathedral. The project has very much liked the Emperor, and T. was commanded to make the building itself. Earlier, in 1829, was transferred to the Academy for consideration the question of the Moscow Cathedral of Christ the Savior. Originally selected for its locality on the Sparrow Hills, was found, for various reasons, uncomfortable, and most of his draft, compiled by K. Vitberg, found unenforceable, had to compose a new draft of its construction at another point in Moscow. This task was entrusted to the TV with the precondition that the new magnificent temple was an old Russian style. And this time the Emperor was however not have been more pleased with the draft T. Building the Cathedral of Christ the Savior took the latter in the rest of his life. Along with the Moscow church, TN was in the same style of project Rude. newfound miracle worker Mitrophan to Voronezh (in 1832) and by continuing to build Rude. St. Catherine and decorating antique galleries in the academy, designed the device granite embankment of the Neva against the academy, with a port, decorated with figures of two sphinxes, bought in Alexandria, through the AN Muraviova. Then he wrote a draft of the monastery for 100 monks, for the title of professor of the second step. And by the Highest will – competition project for the iconostasis of the Cathedral of Kazan, of silver, the Don Cossacks repulsed by the French in World War II. Then, when the competition for the erection of a monument Derzhavin in Kazan, the composition of T. found the best of the three selected for execution. In 1833He identified a member of the committee on the structure and hydraulic works, and received from the academy professor. After he participated in the competition for a building at Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, and composed the draft's ghettos. Catherine Tsarskoe Selo and up. Peter and Paul to Peterhof, which were erected, and under his leadership. By early 1836, TI, along with other professors at the academy, drafted a monument Dimitri Donskoy on Kulikovo field and proceeded to the building, on your project, Rude. Introduction of the Virgin in Semenovsk regiment – the building that most fully and vividly expressed the type invented by T. temples, long considered a revival of old Russian church architecture with bringing it to the best forms of harmony and elegance. At the same time, TI was still a draft Rude. Russian Embassy in Tavrise, the cathedral in Sveaborg, defensive barracks, ibid, at home noble meetings in Novgorod, the main facade of the Forest Institute in St. Petersburg. and the Rude. the estate of Sinyavino. About the same time made them on behalf of the Government, normal projects Rude. 1000, 500 and 200 people, so that architects throughout the Empire necessarily adhere to their form and style. In 1837, Nicholas I to build a new thought of the magnificent palace in the Moscow Kremlin, such that its space was "all that is in people's memory is closely related to the submission of the abode of the Emperor." This task was entrusted to the TA, which in this case tried to counterfeit the style of old Russian buildings. In 1838 he released the album of their large format drawings (17 sheets), which includes plans, elevations and sections of the church of the Savior, Compton Churches in St. Petersburg., Saratov, Peterhof, Tsarskoe Selo, Novgorod (Protestant), the belfry Simonova M-OC , as well as normal projects for urban stone churches. In 1844 was published addition to this album, which contains drawings and wooden churches. It is particularly curious about the church project in Elets and drawings for the iconostasis of St. Petersburg. Church of the Transfiguration on the island of Apothecary and the Annunciation in the Life Guards Horse Regiment. After graduating in 1842, the construction of the Cathedral in Tsarskoe Selo and remaking of the Maly Theatre in Moscow, TN produced by Vysoch. command, the normal drawings for the Peasants' houses in the settlements and treasury, among other works, wrote a draft of the iconostasis for the Church of the Prince Ioasafa, in the village of Izmailovo, where built in this period of disability home. In 1847, he began to build the station assigned to him Nikolaev Railway Company. road in St. Petersburg. and Moscow, with the Customs office at the latest, and also began to carry out its project construction Rude. St. Mironov, in the Life Guards Jaeger regiment. " With the end of the Grand Kremlin Palace, the Emperor put on his favorite architect, the resumption of Ivan the Great Bell in the form in which it was before 1812, the device platform for placing guns in the Secret Tower of the Kremlin and the barracks for a battalion of infantry regiment. In 1850, built St. T.. Railway station Tsarskoselskaya. roads, and almost simultaneously with the finish over the Armory in Moscow. Meanwhile, he continued to handle other work entrusted to him in tamoshnem the Kremlin, and not limited to, composed a draft tombstone book. Pozharsky in Suzdal, and the c
hurch to Tiflis. In 1853 – 1854 years. By constructing the temple of the Savior in the rough, T. drafted its interior decoration, in the Nicholas Kremlin Palace built by the main entrance and the gallery that connects the building with Chudov m Rehm, corrects the main dome of the cathedral in Novovoskresenskom m-pe ( New Jerusalem), threatened with destruction, he graduated from the reorganization Rude. Twelve Apostles, the Patriarch's vestry and the tent over the House of Chrism at the Kremlin, and produced a draft Rude. at Tivdiyskoy marble quarries in Olonetskaya lips. All these works were, so to speak, in parallel, and, moreover, led to the end of the construction of the St. Petersburg Rude. St. Mironov. The last years of the TA, appointed in 1854, after the death of Alexander Melnikov, rector of the academy, were no less fruitful, he made the draft statement of the statue of Saint George in the hall after this saint in the Grand Kremlin Palace gates barred for Nicholas almshouses in the village of Izmailovo, a few churches in the state-owned mining plants of Siberia and the iconostasis, including the main iconostasis for the Church of the Saviour, and, finally, the construction of a metal spire of the cathedral bell tower of Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg.(The latter project led to the execution of engineer Zhuravskii). So extensive performance does not distract from the lessons of T. professor-lecturer in the architectural academy class. During the 24-year performance of the post, under his leadership was formed more than two hundred young architects, many of whom, as for example. K. Majewski, K. Raha, B. Johanson, B. Quesnel, L. Shperer and M. Makarov, who later made himself an honorable reputation. Although he invented style is not established for a long time in Russian architecture, and has outlived its time, but just do not patronize it was imp. Nicholas I. By developing this style, TS tried not only to return to the general form and details of the old Russian national buildings, especially churches, but also provide them with greater accuracy, the harmony and conformity with the latest requirements and artistic principles. This required, except for congenital talent, get a purely Russian spirit, a passionate love for the national antiquity and familiarity with its monuments. German descent, which has developed under the eclectic Ferula St. Petersburg. Academy and in a strange land, T., for all his talent, has not been satisfactorily solved easily assume the task – to restore in a new brilliance, our ancient architecture, especially as a systematic study of the survivors of his works at that time had barely begun. Built Compton alleged in the Russian style, many of whom are quite remarkable in constructive terms, generally a mixture of misunderstood and inappropriately applied the forms and motives of our ancient architecture with arbitrary fabrications sooruditelya; their sin coldness, dryness, lack of true beauty and true greatness. For all that, TI is the merit belongs, that he first turned away from blind imitation of West European. samples and indicated the Russian architect to the rich source of inspiration are rooted in the monuments of their own antiquities.