Biography Khrunov Eugeny
Khrunov Yevgeny (10.09.1933 – 19.05.2000) was born September 10, 1933 in the village ponds Volovské district, Tula region in a large peasant family. Besides him, Vasily Zhukovsky and Agrafena Nikolaevna Khrunov had two daughters and five sons. Childhood Eugene, like all children of that time, were in the war years. More than once had occasion to witness his brutal air battles between Soviet and German pilots that unfolded in the skies above the village.
According to his relatives, it was then that he was born, and the desire to become a pilot. Over the years, that desire is not only not disappeared, but strengthened. Were not easy and the postwar years, especially after his father died. Mother alone had to raise the large family. After seven years of schooling, Eugene entered the agricultural college in the city of Kashira (Tula Region), who graduated in 1952. In the same year he joined the Soviet army and sent to study in a military aviation school. The following year he applied and was accepted into Bataisk Military Aviation School.
As later recalled his colleagues, loved to fly to oblivion. In 1956 he graduated from college and was sent to serve in the 86 th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment 119 th Fighter Division 48-th Air Army, stationed on the territory of the Odessa Military District. It so happened that in one link with Khrunov served as another future astronaut, also a member of a set of Gagarin, Victor Gorbatko.
In 1959, they both successfully passed the medical board and March 9, 1960 order of the Commander of the Air Force Konstantin Vershinin were enrolled in the army of 26,266 – the future of Cosmonauts Training Center. A year later, completing the cosmonaut training Khrunov become full-fledged astronaut. At the same time began training in specific programs. The first prospective plans flights of "Vostok", compiled at the end of 1961, included the launches of 15 ships. One of them – "East-12" – were to fly Khrunov.
The program included the flight duration of 10-15 days at altitudes up to 1000 kilometers. But in 1963, plans were revised and Khrunov was included in the group to begin preparations for the flight of two "East", duration 8-10 days. However, those plans went awry – the further construction of ships "Vostok" was discontinued and all the astronauts began preparations to fly to other programs. In 1964 Khrunov started training under the program "Exit", which provides for rights of first exit into open space. March 18, 1965 Alexei Leonov first in the world left the cabin and went to the free soaring over our planet. Understudy Alexei Leonov was Eugene Khrunov. Then knew about it only a few.
Following the successful implementation of the flight of Voskhod-2 ", were drawn up plans for further flights of this type. Unfortunately, these plans are often revised, and in the end, have remained unfulfilled. First Khrunov prepared as the commander of the ship "Voskhod-6" with the term starting in early 1967, and then as co-pilot of one of the "Sunrise", when he was about to commit 2-3 EVA with distance from the ship at 50 – 100 meters.
But as I said, the new flights "Sunrise" was no more. They were replaced by more modern Soyuz spacecraft, to fly on that and began to prepare Khrunov. In the mid 60-ies in the Soviet Union implemented several space programs. Khrunov ready to fly in ships such as the Soyuz 7K-OK "on Earth orbit and on the ships of the type" A-3 'to the Moon. When EAS preparation for the start of the first two ships of the type of Soyuz 7K-OK, Khrunov together with Valeri Bykovsky and Alex Eliseev was included in the main crew of the Soyuz-2 ". The flight program included the docking of the Soyuz-2 "with the Soyuz-1", on board the space was to go Vladimir Komarov. Next Khrunov and Eliseev were through open space to move from ship to ship and already the "Soyuz-1" to return to Earth. The experiment began April 23, 1967 launch of "Soyuz-1". Soyuz-2 "was supposed to start on the next day. Issues on the "Soyuz-1" began shortly after the launch and flight of the Soyuz-2 "had to cancel.
A 24 April 1967 while returning to Earth cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov died. The tragedy forced the developers to make substantial changes to the design of the ship and, quite naturally, to reconsider plans for further manned missions. Despite the delay, Khrunov with his friends continued training. Without a job at the Cosmonaut Training Center, in 1968, he graduated from the Military Engineering Academy named after NE Zhukovsky, receiving, in addition to the military yet and engineering education. And then, finally, came the big time Eugene Khrunov. January 15, 1969, together with Boris Volynov and Alexey Eliseev, he went into orbit on board the Soyuz-5. The next day was marked by the appearance on the Earth orbit the world's first experimental orbital space station. And then was carried out another experiment unparalleled. Eugene Khrunov and Alexey Eliseev donned spacesuits and came out into open space. 37 minutes later, they met on the Soyuz-4 "Vladimir Shatalov.
So far, this transition from the ship in a ship through the open space remains the only one. January 17 astronauts returned to Earth. Eugene Khrunov worked in space 1 day 23 hours 45 minutes 50 seconds. And then there was the preparation for the new flights, but more space to fly Khrunov failed. Was it a fatal bad luck or something else hard to say. Stating this as fact. In July 1969 he was appointed commander of the backup crew of the Soyuz-7, instead of the diseased Anatoli Kuklin. A few days later he had a car accident and was removed from further training. The Soviet "moon program" where Khrunov assigned far not the last role, was closed. Jobs at the Cosmonaut Training Center did not prevent Eugene Khrunov continue their education.
In 1971 he defended his thesis theme of her – biomechanics of the human beings in outer space. And in 1972 he graduated with a gold medal of the Military-Political Academy, named after VI Lenin. Later Khrunov had to prepare to fly on a number of other programs, including the program "Almaz" (manned reconnaissance space station). In the late 70's, when launched the Intercosmos program ", he was one of those who are preparing for these flights. In 1980, together with the Cuban José López Falcón was prepared as a backup program of Soviet-Cuban flight, and then together with Dumitru Prunariu began preparations for the Soviet-Romanian flight as commander of the ground crew. But here to change his cruel disappointment awaited.
In December 1980, for violation of the Khrunov was removed from training and dismissed from the cosmonaut corps. The next place of work became NII-30 Ministry of Defence of the USSR. There he was a senior research fellow 120-th laboratory 46-th of a second administration of the Institute. From 1983 to 1989 he worked in the main technical management of the State Committee for Foreign Economic Affairs (Deputy Director, Head of Department). After his dismissal in 1989 from the Armed Forces of the USSR as a colonel, took part in the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident. Hero of the Soviet Union (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on January 22, 1969). He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Star, 10 Soviet and Bulgarian two medals. Academy of Sciences of the USSR awarded him the gold medal Tsiolkovsky, and the International Aeronautical Federation – an honorary diploma behalf VM Komarov and medal de Lavaux. Honored Master of Sports of the USSR. Honorary Citizen of the Russian city of Kaluga, Tula, Shakhtyorsk, Chirchik, village ponds. He was named after streets in the district center Volove Tula region, Nepryadvenskaya and Krasnoznamenskaya Schelkovskogo school district. Author of several books, including "The Conquest of weig
htlessness," "The Way to Mars, in orbit outside the vehicle (the latter two with L. Khachatur'yants). Besides the fact that he wrote, was an avid bibliophile, had an excellent home library of several thousand volumes. He died May 19, 2000. He was buried in Moscow Ostankino cemetery.