People of Russia

Bazhenov Vasily Ivanovich (01 (12) .03.1737 – 02 (13) .08.1799) – artist-architect, the son of a churchman from the court the Kremlin churches, a graduate of Imperial Academy of Fine Arts from the base of her and her first pensioner sent abroad. Born on 1 (12) March 1737 in Moscow and died in St. Petersburg. 2 (13) August 1799, as vice-president of the Academy of Arts. Bazhenov had a natural talent for art, which is found in childhood, copying all kinds of buildings in the ancient capital. This passion for drawing was noticed by Bazhenov attention architect Dimitri Ukhtomskogo who took him to their school. From school Ukhtomskogo Bazhenov went to the Academy of Arts. Here he was knowing the architecture so that the teacher of the art SI Chevakinsky made a talented young man his assistant in the construction of the Nikolayev Sea Cathedral. In September 1759 Bazhenov was sent for final development of talent in Paris. Entering students in the professor Duval, Bazhenov engaged in the making of architectural models of parts of wood and cork, and made some models of famous buildings. In Paris, for example, did he, with the strict proportionality of parts, a model of the Louvre galleries, and in Rome, a model of the St. Peter. Studying architecture at the models led to the study of labor Bazhenova Roman architect Vitruvius. Upon his return to Russia, living in Moscow, Bazhenov made a full translation of all 10 books of architecture of Vitruvius, published in 1790 – 1797. in St. Petersburg, in the printing of the Imperial Academy of Arts. Thoroughly familiar with his art in theory, Bazhenov was one of the best practitioners of builders of his time, differing as much art layout, how many and grace of the form of buildings designed that showed itself in his return to his fatherland, to the triumph of "inauguration" of the Academy of Fine Arts (June 29, 1765). He belonged to the decoration of the main facade of the building with the Neva. Building project of the current palace in Yekaterinhof park, with greenhouses, zoo, carousel and other amusements of luxury of the time, was composed by Bazhenov academic program, the degree of professor. Implementation has been recognized Board Academy is quite worthy, but the author left the project in the rank of the academician, who received them three years earlier, when he was abroad. This injustice made Bazhenova take dismissal of academic life and the prince GG Orlov appointed him to his artillery department chief architect, with the rank of captain. In this post, Bazhenov built in St. Petersburg building arsenal on Foundry Street. (Now building judicial institutions), and in Moscow, Kremlin, building the arsenal and the Senate Znamenka, Pashkov House (now the Moscow Rumyantsev Museum), and around the capital – a palace in Tsaritsyn Petrovsky Palace Built Kazakov – his assistant. In the Kremlin, instead of walls that serve as a wall shrines, and palaces, Bazhenov designed a continuous series of buildings that had been made solemn laying by the will of Catherine II, in reality, however, and do not presume to venture a skilled architect. Empress at the end of the Turkish war had to give food to talk about the expenditure of tens of millions on the Grand Palace, and the artist is given a topic on which model it was designed with great talent. The effect was adequate, but construction delayed and then left entirely. The same fate befell Tsaritsynsky Palace Bazhenov. First, the summer of 1785, came on three days in the old capital, visited the work on the construction of the palace in Tsaritsyno and finding it dark, ordered to cease construction. Bazhenov not received another appointment, and, left without any means of livelihood, he opened an art institution and engaged in private buildings. The change in his career and the disgrace of Catherine explained his relations with the circle of Novikov, who instructed him to report to the Crown Prince on the choice of his Moscow Masons in the supreme master. In these relations with the Tsarevich Catherine suspected political objectives and anger at her Bazhenova hit earlier than others, but further exceptions from the service did not get, and in 1792 he was admitted again to serve on the Admiralty Board and transferred its operations to St. Petersburg . Bazhenov built on Stone Island Palace and the Church of the heir and has designed various special buildings for the fleet in Kronstadt.On accession to the throne, Paul I appointed him vice-president of the Academy of Arts and instructed him to draft the Mikhailovsky Castle, to prepare assembly drawings of Russian buildings for historical study of domestic architecture, and finally, provide an explanation on the question: what should be done to inform the appropriate course of development of talents by Russian artists at the Academy of Arts. Bazhenov eagerly began to carry out orders merciful monarch, the patron saint of domestic arts, and many would undoubtedly have done, if not all of a sudden death cut short his life.